Bracketing is pretty simple, really. It is a system that allows you to take more than one picture in rapid succession with different settings. Most cameras will take 3-5 photos when you use bracketing.
What kind of settings?
Most DSLRs (and even some point and shoots) can bracket based on exposure. Other cameras, such as the Nikon D90, can bracket all kinds of things like white balance.
Example
When you bracket based on exposure, you will end up with a series of photos of your subject with slightly different exposure settings. For example, in the photos of the fountain below, the first photograph in the series is properly exposed, the second is under exposed, and the third is over exposed.
Why would I want to do that?
There are a lot of reasons to use bracketing. The most common use for bracketing is to try and capture a picture at several exposure settings just in case the default is not what you were looking for. You can even stitch the multiple exposures into a single picture where you take the best from each shot. There is even an automated way to do that which is gaining popularity called HDR (which we'll discuss in a future blog post).
The image below is a combination of the images shown above to create the final picture.
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